Anti-Fragility allows the organisation to place itself in a position to benefit from the unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the indicators affecting the Anti-Fragility of the insurance industry supply chain and to determine the causal relationships between these indicators. This study has been conducted through an exploratory mixed-method. The Delphi method and the Gray-DEMATEL technique have been utilized in this study. Insurance companies must implement indices, methods, and mechanisms to promote the anti-Fragility of their supply chain, though simultaneous attention to all indices is impossible and uneconomic. Therefore, deciding which indices have priority in investment can be accomplished using the research findings and determining the significance of each index, as well as the causal relationships between them. According to the results of the Delphi method, 49 indices for anti-Fragility of the supply chain insurance industry, hereunder the eight main processes, have been extracted. Study results also revealed that in order to lead the supply chain insurance industry towards anti-Fragility, the "knowledge and information management" and "risk management" processes should at first be considered. According to expert opinions, the "management information system" and "knowledge management implementation" indices have been selected as the most causal indices of anti-Fragility of the knowledge and information management process, while the indices of "risk strategy development" and "using the risk database" have been chosen as the most causal indices of risk management anti-Fragility.

In the present study two popular approaches for the seismic Fragility evaluation of RC buildings are considered. First approach is based on series of time history analysis and a power law representing probabilistic seismic demand model. Second approach is based on Incremental Dynamics analysis to determine the median collapse intensity measure. The two methods are formulated with different assumptions and methodologies for evaluations. The Fragility curves and reliability indices are developed for a typical four storeyed frame by both the approaches and a comparison study is performed. The both methods yield almost the same results at same total dispersions.

In this study, nonlinear dynamic response of 4, 7, and 10-story moment frame steel structures is investigated under seismic ground motions. An incrementally increasing intensity is accounted for to evaluate the collapse Fragility curves of the same buildings under different values of torsional eccentricity. The site soil of the buildings is assumed to be composed once of a firm and then of a soft soil. As a distinction of this study, the realistic maximum possible value of eccentricity ratio for moment frames, including both stiffness and mass eccentricities, is shown to be 10-15% that is much less than peak values of the past studies. Because of the three-dimensional aspect of the study, the eccentricity is selected to be bi-directional and the horizontal components of the earthquake motion are applied concurrently. It is exhibited that while torsional eccentricity lowers the median collapse probability of the studied buildings, it does not have a sensible effect up to the eccentricity ratios not larger than 10%. Besides, the taller structures on the firm soil are affected more strongly from torsional eccentricity, as the median collapse acceleration decreases up to 46% for the 10-story building suffering from 15% eccentricity ratio on the firm soil.

Due to several uncertainties which affect structural responses of Reinforced concrete (RC) frames, it is sensibly required to apply a vulnerability analysis tool such as Fragility curve. To construct an analytical Fragility curve, the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method has been extensively used as an applicable seismic analysis tool. To employ the IDA method for constructing Fragility curves of RC frames, it is important to know how many records will be adequate to assess seismic risk analysis properly? Another issue is to know how many IDA steps are required for developing an accurate fitted Fragility function? For this purpose, two 3D RC frames called 3STRCF and 5STRCF have been nonlinearly modeled and 200 2-componets actual records have been considered for the IDA. The results reveal that at least 15 IDA steps are required to reduce Fragility function error to less than 5% and 10 IDA steps are required to yield less than 10% error. In addition, it is revealed that a selection of 100 records is completely adequate to be certain to have an accurate Fragility curve. It is concluded that at least 25 records are required to decrease Fragility curve error to less than 5% and 15 records to have less than 10%. The closeness of Fragility curve error variation for two models and in all limit states show that these results can be generalized to other RC frames.

Fluid storage tanks are one of the most important components of vital arteries that play a key role in various water and industry networks, including oil, petrochemical, and water transmission systems. A study of seismic damage reports of tanks in previous earthquakes shows that one of the major damages in reinforcement concrete tanks that are commonly used to store water is cracking and liquid leakage. Therefore, in the present paper, the analysis and evaluation of ground concrete tanks are investigated to develop the Fragility curve for these tanks. For this purpose, nonlinear numerical analyzes have been performed for three types of concrete cylindrical tanks with variable height to diameter ratio, taking into account the cracking of concrete. Then, the Fragility curves of the tanks for the critical crack width are extracted according to the recommendation of Journal 123. These curves are compared with the results of previous research conducted in a linear manner without considering the cracks in the reservoir body, and the effects of applying crack widths in the analyses are discussed. The results indicate the need to apply tank cracking conditions in increasing dynamic analysis and extraction of Fragility curves.

In order to assess the seismic performance of structures, it is required to conduct incremental dynamic analysis and obtain Fragility curves. Producing these curves is time consuming since it requires performing numerous nonlinear dynamic analyses; therefore, it is of signi cance to select appropriate earthquake ground motion records which yield reliable responses with su cient accuracy. Due to the lack of a solid framework, selection of an appropriate ground motion record set is still a challenging problem. The main objective of this paper was to select a suitable set of records from a general set of records in order to reliably predict limit-state capacity of structures. To this end, incremental dynamic analysis was conducted for an equivalent single degree of freedom under a general set of records, and an optimization algorithm was employed to solve the problem by minimizing the error between the mean incremental dynamic analysis curves for each selected subset and mean incremental dynamic analysis curve for a general set of records. The Fragility curves obtained by all records were compared with those of the selected ones, the results of which showed that the Fragility curves corresponding to the selected records could appropriately estimate the target Fragility curves.